The History of Residential Building Surveys

At Alexander Heron Surveyors, we believe that helping clients understand the role and development of building surveys adds confidence to the buying process. Here's a brief look at how the practice of surveying residential properties has evolved in the UK — from its early informal roots to the professional standards we follow today.

🏛️ Early Origins – Before the 20th Century

Before formal surveying existed, property assessments were typically carried out by builders, architects, or craftsmen. These were informal inspections, often based on experience rather than standards. Wealthier clients might request a builder’s opinion before purchasing a home, but there was no recognised framework for what a “survey” should include.

🧱 The Rise of Professional Surveying – Early 1900s

As homeownership began to grow in the early 20th century, the need for more formal assessments increased. The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS), founded in 1868, started defining professional standards. Surveyors were expected to report in writing, especially where mortgage lending was involved.

🏠 Post-War Boom and Formal Reports – 1950s to 1970s

The post-WWII housing boom led to the widespread construction of suburban homes across the UK. Mortgage lenders began requiring surveys as part of the loan approval process. While many of these were basic valuations, the industry began to recognise the value of condition-based reports for buyers.

📋 Standardised Surveys Emerge – 1980s to 1990s

The RICS introduced more defined survey types to meet varying needs:

The Homebuyer Report (now known as the RICS Level 2 survey) became the standard choice for most buyers.
The more detailed Full Structural Survey (now the RICS Level 3 survey) catered to older or more complex properties.

These reports were designed to be accessible, consistent, and user-friendly, helping buyers make informed decisions.

🧾 Modern Surveys – 2000s to Present

Today, residential surveys are more detailed and technology-driven than ever. Surveyors use tools like drones, moisture meters, borescopes, and digital reporting platforms to gather evidence and present findings clearly.
The standardisation of Condition Ratings (CR1–CR3) and the adoption of plain English reporting ensures clients understand what they’re buying — and what they might need to repair.

Let's Connect

Regulated by the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors

Email: hello@alexanderheron.com

Phone: 020 8087 0288